Emotions in Bipolar - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 974 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Bipolar Disorder Essay Did you like this example? People with bipolar disorder experience periods of abnormal intense emotion. They also go through changes in sleep patterns, activity levels, and unusual behaviors. These distinct periods are referred to as mood episodes. Mood episodes are drastically different moods and behaviors that are typical for a person. Extreme changes in sleep, energy, and activity, go along with mood episodes. Sometimes a mood episode includes a combination of both manic and depressive symptoms. This is called an episode with mixed features. People experiencing an episode with mixed features may feel terrified, hopeless, or just empty inside while at the same time feeling excessively energized. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Emotions in Bipolar" essay for you Create order Bipolar disorder can exist even when mood swings are less than extreme. Instead of mania, some people with bipolar disorder experience hypomania. During a hypomanic episode an individual may be highly productive and function well, while feeling elated in the mood department. The person may not feel that anything is wrong, but family and friends may recognize the mood swings and changes in activity levels as possible signs of bipolar disorder. Without proper treatment, people with hypomania may develop severe symptoms of mania or depression. DSM-V Numbers Bipolar I disorder has several classifications of numbers in the most current DSM-V manual based off of the severity of behavioral changes and the last time and episode has occurred. If your current or most recent episode was mild with mania, its defined under number 296.41. Mild with depressive: 296.51. Moderate and manic: 296.42. Moderate and depressed: 296.52. Severe with mania: 296.43. Severe with depression: 296.53. If the last episode had shown signs of psychotic features with mania or depression, those are defined under 296.44 and 296.54 respectively. Sections 296.45 and 296.55 cover the stages that are in partial remission but with mania, hypomania, or depression. If the symptoms are in full remission, details can be looked up in 296.46 and 296.56. If the current episode, or the most recent, had shown signs of mania, hypomania, or depression, but all other symptoms and conclusions are unspecified, they are found in the DSM-V manual under numbers 296.40 and 296.50. Bipolar II disorder has only one number: 296.89. The number is usually followed with a status of the current severity, presence of psychotic features, course, and other specifies that cannot be coded. These non-coded inclusions should be indicated in writing after the DSM-V number. For example: 296.89 Bipolar II Disorder, current episode depression, severe with mixed features. Heritability Family studies have shown that bipolar I and II are somewhat genetically distinct. Relatives of bipolar II have a higher risk of also being diagnosed with bipolar II than those patients related to someone with bipolar I. Although these are not etiologically distinct, genetic influences are the stronger predictors of bipolar disorders. An individual who has an identical twin with bipolar disorder has a 70% chance of also having the disorder. A patient with a fraternal twin has more than a 10% probability. Relativity common polymorphisms of genes coding for the serotonin transporter protein and brain derived neurotrophic growth factor may have a small contribution to the development of bipolar disorder. Because of variable findings in these chromosomal regions, it is likely that bipolar disorder is caused by the presence of multiple genes conferring susceptibility through heretics. General acceptance is that bipolar disorder is a disorder with a strong genetic influence, so no specific gene has been identified as the one bipolar gene. Treatments Some bipolar disorder symptoms are similar to other illnesses, which can make it hard for a doctor to diagnose. Many people have bipolar disorder along with another illness such as an eating disorder, anxiety disorder, or substance abuse. People with bipolar disorder are also at a higher risk for thyroid disease, migraines, obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and other physical illnesses. Bipolar disorder is treated using mainly three types of medications: mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants. Treatment typically involves a combination of at least one mood stabilizing drug or antipsychotic, plus psychotherapy. Commonly used drugs for bipolar disorder are lithium carbonate and valproic acid. Although doctors still dont know precisely how it works, lithium carbonate has been remarkably effective in reducing mania. Lithium may also prevent the recurrence of depression but its more successful against mania. Some drugs can level out emotions over the long term, and valproic acid is a mood stabilizer that is helpful in treating the manic or mixed phases of bipolar disorder, along with carbamazepine, another antiepileptic drug. These medications may be used alone or in combination with lithium to control any symptoms. Some drugs that are diagnosed can potentially become toxic if the doses are too high. Once prescribed, patients need to be monitored periodically with blood tests and clinical assessments by the prescriber. While medications are usually the foundation of treating bipolar disorder, psychotherapy is also important to help patients understand and accept the personal and social disruptions of past episodes and better cope with future ones. Different forms of psychotherapy have been shown to help speed recovering and improve functioning in bipolar disorder, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, family therapy, and group therapy. Because denial is usually an ongoing problem with bipolar disorder, routinely attending psychotherapy can help patients stay on their medications. Conclusion Even though many Americans have been diagnosed with bipolar disorder, and others who are living through life without knowing they have any kind of disorder, bipolar disorder has been shown that with proper techniques, coping mechanisms, therapy, and medications, it can be a manageable disorder to live with. If someone you live with has bipolar disorder, try to maintain a calm environment, and keep to a regular routine for daily activities. More and more drugs are being developed to also help combat any manic or depressive episodes. Even though this disorder can cripple certain people for periods of time, forms of psychotherapy can show patients how to cope with bipolar disorder in order to have a functioning lifestyle and maintain basic everyday activities.

The Caribbean’s Cultural History Essay - 1701 Words

The Caribbean’s Cultural History Columbus’ discovery in 1492 set off a chain of events in the emergence of the Caribbean society, as Knight states in his book The Caribbean. The first voyage of Columbus in 1492 fortuitously discovered a whole new world and set in motion a chain of events whose profound consequences gave new directions to the histories of Europe, Africa, the Americas, and Asia. It was the voyages of Columbus and those who followed him that brought the Americas into the consciousness of the Europeans(Knight 28). Many people question whether the discovery made by Columbus was beneficial or deteriorating for the indigenous people of the Caribbean. It was the exploration and discoveries by Columbus that further led†¦show more content†¦The plantations were an important aspect of the cultural history of the Caribbean. Mintz strongly believed that the plantations helped to shape each colony into what it is now. He suggests that plantations were a way to tie the island to the country that was colonizing it as he states that: the plantation system was an agricultural design for the production of export commodities for foreign markets- a means for introducing agricultural capitalism to subtropical colonial areas, and for integrating those areas with the expanding European economy(Mintz 26). The plantations could also be very useful in leaning more about the history of the people of the island, as Benitez-Rojo states in his essay, From the Plantation to the Plantation. He states that: the plantations serve as a telescope for observing the changes and the continuities of the Caribbean galaxy through the lenses of multifold disciplines, namely economics, history, sociology, political science, anthropology, ethnology, demography, as well as through innumerable practices, which range from the commercial to the military, from the religious literary(Benitiz-Rojo 38). He suggests that the history of the Caribbean and its people is confusing and somewhat jumbled, and feels that the study of the history of each plantation would help to organize the history of the Caribbean. Another commonShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Caribbean Islands1222 Words   |  5 Pagesthem, and the unique individual cultures that were integrated into one. The three authors Sidney W. Mintz, Antonio Benitez-Rojo, and Michelle Cliff, all and address the problem of the Caribbean’s identity. They each discuss how the Caribbean’s diverse culture was created and molded by each individual island’s history, how its society was molded by the development of plantations, how the Caribbean dealt with the issue of slavery, and how miscegenation and the integration of cultures, as a result ofRead MoreAn Analysis Of Jailhouse Boxing, Stato And The 52blocks1522 Words   |  7 Pageshas its roots in Africa (Although they both played some part in its development). To clear up any misconceptions, the Author has put together a pre-history gathered from the stories of its formulation, continuing until the time presented to him. Here is a few dialogues’ from various point s of view. Dialogue I By word of mouth The worded history as past down by most practitioners, states, â€Å"These styles presence can be traced from the Black Diasporas during the Atlantic slave invasion throughRead MoreImpact Of Tourism On The Caribbean2393 Words   |  10 Pagestourism industry has on the countries in the Caribbean. Tourism impacts the Caribbean in three different sections. Tourism has a social impact that allows for increases in revenue, jobs, and service for the people living there. Tourism’s cultural impact allows the history and heritage of the Caribbean to be acknowledged and practiced not only here but around the world as tourists come and go. Tourism’s environmental impact effects the natural and geographical diversity that can only be found in theseRead MoreRelationship Between Religion And Mental Health1081 Words   |  5 Pagespeople to be incarcerated and have reoccurring problems with the law. This plays a part in the development of the local youth because it lies down t o their families The relationship between religion and mental health has been debated for centuries. History shows that religious organizations were often the first to offer compassionate care to the mentally ill; however, for hundreds of years the religious establishment also persecuted the mentally ill. FAITH : The relationship between mental healthRead MoreEssay about Challenges of Caribbean Society in Achieving National Unity886 Words   |  4 Pages Caribbean’s aim is to come together socially, economically, and politically and to try to work as one nation. However, there are many cultural differences between the countries, which constantly impede amalgamation of the Caribbean territories; aspects of culture such as race, religion, language, governmental systems, history, values and morals and so on, are all different in each territory and place a barrier between any integration of the countries. While cultural Read MoreEssay about The Epic Poem Omers by Derek Walcott959 Words   |  4 Pagescharacter both physically as well as psychological. The wound is the gash of history the connects us all. Omeros is a literary piece that continues to draw mass controversy and raises many questions about its legitimacy as an epic poem. One reason for this is because no wants to really admit or discuss what Wolcott’s truly proposing. This is precisely the point John Ramazani makes in his article entitled, â€Å"The Wound of History†. He believes that Walcott did the world great justice in exposing both theRead Moreâ€Å"the History of the Caribbean Is the History of the Exploitation of Labour† - with Reference to Slavery and the Encomienda Labour System†1045 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The history of the Caribbean is the history of the exploitation of labour† - with reference to slavery and the Encomienda labour system† In the above statement â€Å"the history of the Caribbean is the history of the exploitation of labour,† it simply states that the Caribbean’s history is basically the history of its exploitation of labour. The definitions of keywords exploitation and labour must be considered. Exploitation can be defined as the practice of taking selfish or unfair advantage of aRead More A Caribbean Legacy Essay1182 Words   |  5 Pagesrace are indelible aspects of Caribbean history. In order to fathom the current political, social, economic, and cultural climate of the Caribbean one must engage in a critical study and understanding of the impact slavery has had in modern day Caribbean societies. The modes and intricacies of modern day Caribbean societies are intimately related to the plantation systems of the colonial period, which welcomed the arrival of the largest migration in history. Author Michelle Cliff, in her essayRead More The Caribbean Essay1123 Words   |  5 Pagesclustered in the Caribbean Sea are an interesting study in cultural and social identity. Colonized by european powers from the Fifteenth Century, the Caribbean islands have become mixtures of cultures from Europe, Africa, and India, as well as from the original inhabitants of the islands. As a result, describing and defining the Caribbean is a much more difficult task than it appears on the surface. The norms and ideas of identity and history that exist on one island are vastly different than thoseRead More The Social Impact of Slavery on the Caribbean Society Essay1336 Words   |  6 Pagesstandpoint but, from the racial or what Knight calls ‘complextional mutations’ its social impact on society. Let us discuss historian Benitez-Rojo’s approach to the Caribbean, he tends to reject a single cultural definition of the Caribbean, believing that all the islands have a differing cultural structure referring to its original colonizer. However, he subliminally states in his book The Repeating Island that all the islands hold more in common than the plantation system. He says ...the multiplication

Teaching Methods Based On Teaching English Language Learners

Abstract The purpose of this report is to recommend to the Winn Parish School Board the teaching method that would be the most effective for teaching English Language Learners (ELLs). I analyzed two available solutions: the scaffolding teaching method and the differentiated instruction teaching method. I evaluated both teaching methods based on the flexibility in regards to allowing students’ needs to be met, ease of implementation of each teaching strategy into the classroom, and effectiveness of how of each method helps the students learn and complete what is required of them. My research methodology began with researching who English Language Learners are in general and how they have begun to impact American classrooms and teachers. I also conducted general research on the scaffolding and differentiated instruction teaching methods. After conducting my general research, I decided which three criteria I would focus on as I performed more specific research on my topic. I also interviewed Mrs. Jamie McLarty, a veteran Spanish teacher at Calvin High School in Calvin, Louisiana, who has taught English Language Learners for sixteen years. Once I gathered all of my information, I examined and analyzed it so that I could choose the teaching method that would be the most effective for teaching English Language Learners. The scaffolding teaching method gives all of the students one specific goal for the lesson; however, the differentiated instruction method gives severalShow MoreRelatedTeaching And Learning English As A Foreign Language774 Words   |  4 Pages1 UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES FACULTY OF ENGLISH LINGUISTIC AND LITERATURE REFLECTION PAPER TESOL-MA Program Course: Advanced Teaching Methodology Name: à ¢n Ä Class: 2016-B Instructor: Æ °Ã† ¡ng, Ph.D. Taking the course of MA on TESOL, whose design is research-oriented, post-graduates are required to accomplish credit subjects including Advanced Teaching Methodology. It is obviously an opportunity for master students not only to review what they haveRead MoreEnglish As A Second Language1620 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction Language acquisition is an important process in every person’s life. As the world becomes more interconnected, there is increasing need for humanity to communicate with each other. According to Chang (2011), language is the avenue through which information is shared. The question of â€Å"which language† has baffled the academic community over time and across space. In the final analysis, it appears that the language that most people in the world should speak actually has political connotationsRead MoreCommunicative Approach1566 Words   |  7 PagesBEST APROCHE IN ENGLISH LANGUAJE TEACHING : THE COMMUNICATIVE APPROCHE I. Problems in the present English teaching and causes of these problems II. Introduce the communicative approach 1. The definition of communicative approach 2. Two principles of communicative approach †¢ Create a realistic situation †¢ The class should be students-centered III. Adopt communicative approach to improve students ability to listen and speak, and achieve the goal of English teaching 1. 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I want to teach it simply because firstly it is the most widely spoken language in the world and one which Crystal states: ‘that a person is more likely to be in touch with the latest thinking and research in a subject by learning English than by learningRead MoreTeaching English As A Language959 Words   |  4 Pagesreporting the most effective method of teaching English as a languag e, and the two methods that people tend to subscribe to are 1) primarily focus on the technical side of the language or 2) primarily focus on the content. Stephen Krashen believed that â€Å"subconscious acquisition† of a language â€Å"is separate from conscious learning and is superior in the long run,† as H. Douglas Brown paraphrases in Principles of Language Learning and Teaching (289). As one of his hypotheses of language acquisition, he insistedRead MoreEnglish Language Vs. Foreign Countries Essay1186 Words   |  5 Pages[Date] English Language Education in Japanese Schools Introduction Teaching a second language always has its unique challenges, unlike teaching other subjects, in which instruction is in the learners’ first language. English, being an international language is taught across, most, if not all modern day nations. It is not only important for personal communication and professional growth but also for socialization in a world that is increasingly globalized (Fujimoto-Adamson, p. 259). English languageRead MoreReaction Paper to Comprehension-Based Approach in English Language Teaching978 Words   |  4 PagesSubject : Current Trends in Teaching English Instructor: Mrs. Liezl May C. Tortogo Student: Adoracion Aileen Ayn E. Hilado Reaction to Comprehension Based Approach in Teaching Language A. Summary of Comprehension Based Approach The Comprehension Approach refers to several methodologies of language learning that emphasize understanding of language rather than speaking. It is a pedagogical/instructive principle, which can be found in a number of methods and in practical listening comprehension; Read MoreApplication For Teaching And Nutrition Essay851 Words   |  4 Pages I am applying for programmes relating to teaching and nutrition because I see positively my career in the education sector. I would like to become a qualified English language teacher. I believe that I am able to explain not only grammar rules to children and adults but also to communicate with them paying an attention to their individual needs. During my high school years, I supported my school fellows in learning English language. I affords me a great pleasure to educate people. ThroughRead MoreMy Philosophy : My Teaching Philosophy893 Words   |  4 PagesMy Teaching Philosophy Since Koreans started to learn English, thousands of people have struggled to master the language. Parents currently invest a lot of money and their children spend enormous amounts of time studying English as government suggests new language policies. However, proper verification and investigation of those policies have not been done yet and the outlet is really not promising (Suh, 2007). Most Korean students study English for tests. The purpose of English is so focused on

Organizational Behavior Theory Trait Theory - 1373 Words

Organizational Behavior Theory: Trait Theory Michael Sinnett MGT500 – Organizational Behavior Colorado State University – Global Campus Dr. Larry Key September 24, 2017 Organizational Behavior Theory: Trait Theory There are so many aspects that make up human behavior. For example, a person s environment and their genetics are a couple of aspects that make up an individual s behavior. Therefore, it would make sense that when you have a group of individuals together there would be just as many aspects that make up the group’s behavior as well. The study of individual behaviors within a group and how the group interacts with each other is known as organizational behavioral theory (Howard, 2014). There are many theories located†¦show more content†¦These traits separate leaders from others within an organization (Colbert, Judge, Choi and Wang, 2012). Leadership traits were personality traits that early researchers tried define originally (Wynn, 2006). Even more recent, an article came out describing ten traits for innovative leaders which included: excellent strategic vision, strong customer service, creates a climate of trust, and always available to name a few of the traits (Bus iness Mirror, 2014). Researchers are still looking for specific traits identified to be innate to great leaders. History of Trait theory At the turn of the twentieth century, researchers suggested that there were specific personality characteristics associated with individuals that were distinctive to a person that predisposed them to better than others when it came to leadership position within an organization (Wynn, 2006). One of those researchers was Ralph M. Stogdill. Stogdill proposed, like previous researchers in trait theory, that certain personality traits a leader exhibited were observable and could be defined by others (Stogdill, 1969). In 1969, Stogdill conducted research where he would use actors who wouldShow MoreRelatedDefine Leadership And Contrast Leadership And Management1162 Words   |  5 Pagessupervision of subordinates with the goal of meeting external organizational goals. Leadership, on the other hand, derives from internalizing organizational goals, creating them anew, challenging, or changing them. A leader might serve in a supervisory role, but perhaps for different reasons and different m otivations than the manager. Leadership is characterized by the articulation of an organizational vision, introduction of major organizational change, providing inspiration, and dealing with highly stressfulRead MoreLeadership Theories And Concepts Of Leadership1712 Words   |  7 Pagespositively to the delivery of the organizational goals and directives. Subsequently we must first start with analyzing all relative theories and concepts of leadership. Interest in leadership increased during the early part of the twentieth century. Early leadership theories concentrated on what qualities distinguished leaders from followers, while other theories examined variables such as skill levels and situational factors. Many different leadership theories have emerged, but most can be classifiedRead MoreBusiness Ethics : Bus 610 Organizational Behavior1113 Words   |  5 PagesEthics Prem Yadav BUS 610 Organizational Behavior Dr. Rollis Erickson June 29, 2015 Introduction Excellence of an organizational leadership determines how well an organization is doing. Effective leadership is influencing the behavior of individuals and groups in positive way to work towards a predefined organizational goal (Baack, 2012). 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Researchers have studied leadership and organizational culture individually; however there have been less focus on gainingRead MoreLe ading Organizational Change : Tragedy Or Transformation1294 Words   |  6 Pages Leading Organizational Change Cornelius Cash Grand Canyon University LDR825-Organizational Change: Tragedy or Transformation August 10, 2016 Leadership Leaders are conceptual thinkers and must think in the abstract. Decisions made by leaders are non-programmed decisions, which have never been made before, regarding the direction in which the leader will take the organization. The leader is hired by the Board of Directors to maximize the wealth of the stockholders whom they representRead MoreLeadership Models1580 Words   |  7 Pages The authors go on to say that although traditional managerial skills are important they are not sufficient to bring about organizational transformation. Transformational change will come by incorporating new strategies about people and the structure of the firm. These strategies may include leadership models or theories. A number of leadership models or theories exist, which address change in the way a firm addresses the management of its employees. The contingency view of leadershipRead MoreLeading Organizational Change : Tragedy Or Transformation1287 Words   |  6 PagesLeading Organizational Change Cornelius Cash Grand Canyon University LDR825-Organizational Change: Tragedy or Transformation August 10, 2016 Leadership Leaders are conceptual thinkers and must think in the abstract. Decisions made by leaders are non-programmed decisions, which have never been made before, in respect to the direction in which the leader intends to take the organization into the future. 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Specifically discussed in this paper will be foundational theories of leadership, assessment and adaptation of foundational theories and leadership skills deemed most effective in a changing and competitive health care environment. Foundational Theories of Leadership Foundational theories are the backbone of today’s application of leadership in all aspects of business in a global society. Understanding the characteristicsRead MoreThe Diversity Within The Workplace1324 Words   |  6 Pageswith their area of expertise with set expectations for meeting organizational goals. While the world analyzed this need, several theories became known. These theories include: (1) path-goal; (2) situational leadership; and (3) contingency, all of which jumped into the everyday language to fulfill the need to define specific characteristics of the leaders; at that time. Moreover, these theories leveraged their need to define the behavior of the follower within the organization, the task to be completed

Measuring Socialism in America Free Essays

Which of the two countries is more socialist, Canada or the United States of America? It must first be state that neither Canada nor the USA is considered a socialist state. For the purpose of this project, a socialist state would be one such as Greece was until the early 1990†³s; a country where the state owns all forms of companies and/or businesses and offers practically every type of social service known to modern governments. Since none of the two North American countries that will be featured in this paper can accurately compare to the bove description, the paper will simply attempt to determine which of the two has a higher degree of socialism when matched against each other following a Before going any further, let†s view the conceptual definitions to the key elements of this paper. We will write a custom essay sample on Measuring Socialism in America or any similar topic only for you Order Now Socialism, as referred to throughout the text, can be defined as follows: any of various social or political theories or movements in which the common welfare is to be achieved through the establishment of a socialist economic system. A socialist economic system can be defined as an economic structure in which the community owns the means of production, istribution, and exchange collectively, and the benefits are distributed to all members of that community. In this economic layout the people will run the government in a highly democratic fashion . Having established what socialism is, let†s move on to the research question, or hypothesis. It is assumed that Canada will have a higher lever of socialism than the United States of America based on its higher level of taxation and its apparently more developed social services system. The research question is therefore: is Canada truly more socialist than the United States of America? The variables that will be used to measure socialism are the level of democracy; social services offered; the minimization of social classes; and finally, the collective ownership of factories, corporation, and companies. According to the conceptual definition given earlier, a socialist country must be highly democratic. We must then find data that would help indicate the variable of democracy. What makes a country democratic? The representation and support of diverse political views as well as a high level of public participation in political decisions are two social characteristics that would ndicate a high level of democracy. To measure the representation and support of diverse political views, let†s examine the different popular political parties in both Canada and the United States of America. According to the network CNN , in the latest US federal election which took place in November 2000, three political parties could be said to have garnered enough public support to be considered important. After the tally of 99 percent of precincts, the Democratic Party stood at 49 percent of public support, the Republican Party at 48 percent, and the Green Party accumulated enough votes to have 3 percent of all votes. No other party received a single percent of all votes. There is also a federal election being held in Canada this month, and the nation will vote on November 27th. According to the latest Reuters/Zogby Research Canada poll , the Liberal Party holds the lead with an approximate 42 percent of public support, followed by the Canadian Alliance, which polled 29 percent, the Progressive Conservative Party holds 12 percent support, the Neo-Democratic Party has 7 percent and finally, the Bloc Quebecois holds 8 percent of public support. Canada therefore has five important political parties, all of which hold more public support than the United States† third important party. However, it would be incorrect to assume that Canada is more democratic than the USA by simply counting the number of political parties. Let†s instead look at how many political views are represented in both countries. In the USA, the Democratic Party can be said to be mostly left of the center on the â€Å"left/right† line, the Republicans would be mostly right of the center, and the Green Party would be considered to represent fairly left political views. If we place the political parties in Canada on the same left/right line according to the views they represent, we see that many more views are covered. The Neo-Democratic Party can be labeled as a far-left party, the Liberal Party and the Bloc Quebecois would be considered left-of-the-middle parties, while the Progressive Conservatives are right of the center and the Canadian Alliance (formerly the Reform Party) represents far-right views. It is evident that once the political views of the parties are exposed, Canada seems to have the edge over the USA when it comes to Let†s now take a look at the second variable that will be used to compare the degree of democracy between Canada and the USA: a high level of public participation in political decisions. To measure this variable, we will look at the number of public representatives who are elected by the population. At the municipal level in the USA, according to the City of St-Louis Board of Elections , the population elects a mayor, a comptroller, a President of the Board of Aldermen, the members of the Board of Aldermen (councilors) and school board members. At the state and federal levels, as maintained by the North Carolina Board of Elections , the population of North Carolina elects members of the US House of Representatives (In North Carolina,12 members are elected), associate Justices of the Supreme Court (2), Judges of the Court of Appeals (5), District Attorneys (37), Judges of District Court (87), members of State Senate (50), members of the State House of Representatives (120), Judges of Supreme Court (Non Partisan) (31), local County Commissioners ( 5), a President and Vice-President, a Governor, a Lieutenant Governor, an Attorney General, an Auditor, a Commissioner of Agriculture, a Commissioner of Insurance, Commissioner of Labor, Secretary of State, a Superintendent of Public Instruction, a Treasurer, a Chief Justice of NC Supreme Court and an Associate Justice of NC Supreme Court. In Canada, at the local level elections are similar. According to Elections Canada the public elects a Mayor, Councilors and School Board members, but no comptroller and no President of the Board of Aldermen, such as is the case in the United States. At the Provincial Level, according to the Government of Ontario , the population elects Members of the Provincial Government (Legislative Assembly) (In Ontario, 103 members are elected), and a Premier. Contrary to the USA, the population does not elect the Lieutenant Governor, the Attorney General, the Auditor, nor any secretaries, superintendents, treasurers, ministers, Chief Justices, Judges or District Attorneys; these positions are awarded by the governing Premier and his Cabinet. The same pattern exists at the federal level. In accordance with the Government of Canada , the Canadian population elects a Prime Minister and members of the House of Commons (In Canada, there are 301 members). Again, there is a stark contrast with the American political ! stem, as Canadians do not elect members of the Supreme Court, or even Senators. When we count the number of representatives who are elected by the population, it seems that the American political system is more democratic than the Canadian system, as it is clear that many important positions are chosen by the people in America and by the politicians in Canada. It is important however to note that the men and women who hold the most power of all in both countries, the members of cabinet, are named by the leading politician. In Canada these people must be chosen from the Legislative Assembly at the provincial level, and the House of Commons at the federal, therefore they were elected to represent the population . However, in the US the Governors and President may choose whomever they please as their cabinet , whether they were elected or not. Despite the previous fact, when looking at the democracy variable as a whole it must be acknowledged that the US is at least as democratic as Canada, therefore the first variable must be considered void. Let†s now move on to the second variable, well-established social services system. For a state to be deemed socialist, it must offer numerous social services to its people, free of charge. Lets begin by examining education. The first indicator for education is the amount of years of free education that are offered by the state. Both countries offer free pre-school, elementary and secondary education through the public schooling system. (A totally socialist state would also offer free post-secondary education. ) In Canada, according to Statistics Canada , most provinces offer 14 years of free education, beginning at the age of 4 with pre-kindergarten. The only exception is Ontario, which currently offers an optional 15th year, known as the Ontario Academic Curriculum. OAC is basically a fifth year of high school, designed to prepare students for university, also acting as their first year of university. However, the Government of Ontario has passed a bill to abolish OAC ! by the year 2002. In the USA, according to the National Education Association , all states offer 15 years of public education, beginning a year earlier than in Canada, therefore offering one year of pre-school more than the provinces of their neighboring country does. It can therefore be said that the USA offers more years of free education than Canada does. But how much does the state spend on these years of education? Let†s look at the second indicator for the variable of education: the amount spent-per student per-year on education. In accordance with data from Statistics Canada , the three levels of government combined to spend an approximate 50,407,100 Canadian dollars per student for the school year of 1996-97. In that same year, Statistics Canada states that 5,065,914 students were enrolled in public schools across the country. Therefore, the state spent approximately 9,949 Canadian dollars per student. Based on the US Census Bureau†s data , all three levels of American government combined to spend an approximate 5,882 US dollars per-student for the same school year of 1996-97. In order to compare these numbers realistically, let†s convert the Canadian dollars to US dollars. In 1997, the Canadian doll! ar was worth approximately 0. 68 American dollars, therefore the Canadian government spent an approximate 6,765 American dollars per-student, compared to the US government†s approximate 5,882. The next social service to be examined is income security. It must be noted that the term â€Å"income security† does not mean exactly the same thing in both countries. In Canada, income security stands for social assistance, benefits to the elderly, employment benefits and child benefits. These services are covered by the Canadian and Quebec Pension Plans, Old Age Security, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Spouse†s Allowance, Unemployment Insurance, Children†s Financial Benefits, Social Assistance, and Worker†s Compensation. On the other hand, in the United States the term â€Å"income security† stands for disability insurance, private pensions, federal employees retirement, and disability programs. These services are offered through Food Stamps, Supplemental Security Income, and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, Earned Income Tax Credit and Unemployment Compensation. In 1994-95, according to the Government of Canada†s overview of Income Security , the Canadian governments ! spent a total of 88,900,000,000 dollars on Income Security. When divided by the approximate population at the time, 29,500,000 people, it averages out to 3014 Canadian dollars per citizen. If that number is then multiplied that by . as the Canadian dollar was worth approximately 86 cents American at the time, we get 2050; the average spent per citizen in American dollars. The United States governments spent 257,000,000,000 dollars on Income Security in 1999, according to the Budget of The United States Government for the fiscal year 2001 . When divided by the US population in 1999, which was 272,691,000, according to the US Census Bureau , we get the amount spent per citizen on Income Security: 942 US dollars. It seems as though Canada spends more on Income Security, but it must be taken in account that the US also has what they call Social Security. The latter covers Old-Age benefits, and Survivors, and Disability Insurance. Since these services fall under the Canadian defi! nition of Social Insurance, it would only be fair to measure them under the same variable. According to the US Census Bureau, 383 billion dollars was spent on Social Security in the US in 1999. That comes out to 1405 US dollars per citizen. When added to the previous total (amount spent per US citizen on Income Security) we get a total of 2347 US dollars spent per US citizen, compared to 2050 US dollars spent per citizen in Canada. However, before declaring the United States more socialist when it comes to Income Security, we must consider the fact that the Canadian data dates back to 1994-95, almost five years younger than the American data. It must be assumed that the Canadian Government has increased its spending on Income Security since 1995, as has been the trend with all of the social services for both Canada and the US. However, we must still recognize the fact that the United States governments spend a good deal of money on these types of services and can be said to sp! end more, or perhaps only slightly less than the Canadian governments do. The final social service variable to be inspected is health care. In order to compare the two countries’ health care systems, two indicators will be examined: the number of health services offered for free and the amount spent per citizen on heath care. In the United States, there are two types of heath care services: Medicare and Medicaid. According the US Federal Government , Medicare is offered to most citizens who are 65 years of age or older, people entitled to Social Security disability payments for 2 years or more, and people with end-stage renal disease. Medicaid is offered to certain low-income families to help cover their medical costs . The Medicare recipients will receive durable medical equipment such as oxygen equipment, wheelchairs, arm, leg, back and neck braces, ostomy pouches, surgical dressings, splints and casts, one pair of eyeglasses after surgery, and other medically necessary equipment that a doctor prescribes for use at home. Medicare also helps cove! r the costs for doctor’s services, outpatient hospital care, blood, lab tests and physical and occupational therapy. Medicaid on the other hand covers much more. On the other hand, according to the Health Care Financing Administration, Medicaid recipients receive inpatient and outpatient hospital services, physician services, medical and surgical dental services, nursing facility services for persons aged 21 or older, laboratory and x-ray services, pediatric and family nurse practitioner services, ambulatory services to individuals under the age of 18 and individuals entitled to institutional services, prenatal care and delivery services for pregnant women, as well as some home health and clinical services. In Canada, as stated by the Government of Ontario’s Ministry of Heath , health care covers all services by a physician (except work or school-related physicals), five or ten annual visits to a podiatrist (chiropractors, osthopasths) and Physiotherapists, dental services do! ne in hospital, optometry services every two years for all 20 to 65 year olds and once a year for all under 20 and all over 65 year olds, and importantly, emergency care of injuries that occur outside of the country. If we compare the services offered in both countries, we see that Medicaid is very comparable to the Canadian Health Plan, plus and minus a few services, while Medicare trails both systems, at least as far as services offered are concerned. The second indicator for health care is the amount spent per person on health services. This is an area where the US is expected to perform poorly, as mentioned in the hypothesis, because so few Americans actually receive government-paid health care. In fact, according to the US Census Bureau any form of government-paid health care covers only 24. ercent of the US population. Medicare covers 13. 2 percent of the population, and Medicaid covers 10. 2 percent while the remaining 3. 1 percent are military personnel who receive basic military health benefits. According to the US Census Bureau , the three levels of government in the United States of America spent 40,168,000,000 dollars on 34,900. 000 Americans in 1991, therefore spending 1147 US dollars per recipient. However, when divided by the total America population at the time, which was approximately 258,000,000 people, we see that a mere 156 US dollars was spent per citizen on heath care. Canada on the other hand offers heal! th care to all of its citizens, therefore it is expected that the per-citizen number will be higher. According to Health Canada , in 1994-95, the three levels of Canadian government jointly spent 51,900,000,000 Canadian dollars on health care. When divided by the total population at the time (29,500,000 people), we get 1759 Canadian dollars per person. Hence, after the conversion to US dollars, the amount spent per person on health care in Canada is 1196, almost eight times as much as the US spending. Consequently, it must be alleged that although the US data is four years younger than the Canadian data, Canada still spends much more on health care than the United States does. Canada then comes out on top when we add all of the variables together in an attempt to determine who is of a more socialist nature, as far as social services go. It must nevertheless be admitted that aside from health care spending, the US does not trail Canada by an extreme amount when in comes to soci! al services, and even comes out on top when in the amount of years of free education offered through the public schooling system. Aside from an advanced social services system, a socialist country must also have a low level of diversity when it comes to social classes. In order to reduce the difference between social classes, one must first reduce the variation of income levels. Therefore, the indicator for the variable â€Å"minimization of social classes† will be income inequality. As said by the paper Income inequality in North America: Does the 49th parallel still matter? , â€Å"Canada has not seen the substantial increase in income inequality that has occurred in the United States. The paper states that the US† average income level has been rising rapidly when compared to Canada†s, but that the US†s income inequality has been growing consistently as well. â€Å"In terms of comparative economic well-being, Canadian families in the bottom 25% of the income distribution were better off in absolute terms in 1997 than were their counterparts in the United States. However, in the top one-fifth of the income distribution, American families had disposable incomes more than 20% higher than their Canadian counterparts. In the top one-tenth of the income distribution, disposable incomes among American families were about 25% higher. † (Income inequality in North America: Does the 49th parallel still matter? , The Daily, Statistics Canada) Although it was not possible to view the data that was used by the author to make the above conclusions, the information will be considered credible for this paper, as it was written on the part of Statistics Canada, which is highly reputed to be an accurate source of data. A more precise way of determining Income Distribution would be to actually compare the spread of income in both countries. According to a US Census Bureau chart, in 1998, 3,6 percent of American households were in the lowest quintile of income (lowest level of income), 9 percent were in the second quintile, 15 percent in the third, 23. 2 percent were in the fourth quintile, and finally, 49. 2 percent of households were in the highest quintile of income. In Canada, the same chart can be found in Canadian Fact Book On Poverty, which was posted on the Posted on the Canadian Council on Social Development website (http://www. cfc-efc. ca/docs/00000327. m). According to the data, in 1991, 4. 7 percent of the Canadian households could be found in the bottom quintile, 10. 3 were in the second quintile, 16. 6 were in the middle quintile, 24. 7 were in the fourth quintile and 43. 8 percent were in the top quintile. Although the difference may not be huge, there is no denying the fact that there is a larger gap between the income levels in the US as the above data shows. As mentioned in the paper Income inequality in North America: Does the 49th parallel still matter? he highest quintile plays a major role in the spread of income in the US. Almost half of all households are in the highest fifth, whereas in Canada, seven percent less (43. 8) households are in the highest quintile. What does all this mean? In keeping with the conceptual definition of socialism used for the purpose of this paper, it means that Canada fits the description of socialism better than the United States of America when it comes to income distribution since the gap ! between the rich and the poor is thinner in Canada than it is in the United States. Aside from having a high level of democracy, good social services and a low level of distribution of social classes, a socialist state must also own many, if not all businesses. That brings us to the fourth variable of a socialist state; collective ownership of corporations, companies, and factories. Traditionally, Canada has had many Crown Corporations (Corporations owned by the State), but the recent trend has been to sell these companies to private investors. Nonetheless, the Canadian governments still own many businesses today. Even so, the Federal Government still owns 49 Crown Corporations according to the Treasury Board of Canada . The most commonly known of these corporations would likely be Canada Post, a nation-wide postal service, The Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission, which runs the CBC and SRC radio and television stations, and VIA-Rail. A few of the less known companies are the Canadian Commercial Corporation, International Development ! Research Center, Royal Canadian Mint, the Business Development Bank of Canada, Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation, Export Development Corporation, Farm Credit Corporation, Defense Construction Limited, National Capital Commission, Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. Bank of Canada, Marine Atlantis Inc. , and Jacques Cartier and Champlain Bridges Inc. In addition to federally owned Crown Corporations, the provinces also own their own â€Å"public businesses† the government of British Columbia for example runs sixteen Crown Corporations. The most commonly known of these are BC Hydro, BC Rail and BC Ferries. The US Governments also own similar corporation, although they usually tend to be agencies more than companies. A few examples would be the Central Intelligence Agency, and the Consumer Product Safety Commission. There are however some agencies that can compare to the ones owned by the Canadian governments, as illustrated on the White House†s Federal Agencies and Commissions web page ! such as the US Postal Service, AMTrack, the Export-Import Bank of the US, the Inter-American Development Bank, the International Bank for Reconstruction Development, the Legal Services Corporation, the National Park Service, the Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation, the Overseas Private Investment Corp. , and the Securities Investor Protection Corp. Since the â€Å"corporations† are included with the agencies and commissions all government sites, it is difficult to count a precise number of government divisions that could be considered â€Å"Crown Corporations† in the US. It can however be estimated that at the Federal level, between 10 and 20 of these corporations exist. In addition, the American public also owns a television station independently of all forms of government. The educational station PBS is funded entirely by the people, depending largely on personal pledges for its survival. It must however be concluded that Canada has a great deal of State-owned companies when comp! ared to the US since it is nearly safe to say that there are at least twice as many of these corporations in Canada than there are in the United States. In conclusion, the hypothesis must be accepted, as the research proves that Canada is indeed more socialist that the United States of America. Although America is relatively strong when it comes to education, Canada does indeed spend more social services than the United States of America does. Canada also has more state-owned corporations than does the United States of America. Since the US does not clearly come out ahead of Canada in any of the variables, we cannot claim is as being in the same league as Canada as far as socialism goes. We can however state that the United States offers more years of public education than Canada does, and that it spends approximately the same on income security. In fact, if the United States offered health care to all of its citizens like Canada does, it could be argued that both countries are very similar in terms of socialism, with Canada being the frontrunner. However that is not the case, and what the entire research came down to was t! fact that health care is only offered to 24 percent of all Americans. The US Government actually spends 1147 US dollars per health-care recipient, only 49 US dollars less than Canada spends per recipient. What does this research tell us? It simply reinforces the theory that Canada is more socialist than the United States of America in its ways of governing. Perhaps it has to do with the fact that it is younger than its southern neighbor, that it still follows its European parents, France and England. America has matured more than Canada has, since it has been a free nation for much longer. There is no doubting that the US has developed its own governing system, with its own distribution of services and is striving off of it economically. There is however no less doubting that Canadians are proud of their social services, and education and democratic system. It seems both countries are in a state of comfort. America is generally content with its system and Canada is also generally happy with the way the country is run. It is however always fun to peek on the other side of the fence and see how our neighbor is doing, and how we compare to him/her. How to cite Measuring Socialism in America, Papers

Still I Rise - Maya Angelou free essay sample

Describe at least one memorable use of language in the text. Explain how this use of language helped you to understand one or more important idea in the text. â€Å"Still I rise† a poem by Maya Angelou is about a black woman’s point of view towards a white person in the 1900’s. Angelou used various language techniques, rhetorical questions, metaphor, and similes to show us her thoughts at the time when she was being ruled over. Self-esteem was the reason that the poet wrote this poem in the first place and it was self-esteem that she overcome the obstacles she faced in life. Firstly, Angelou uses similes to compare herself to nature that unremittingly â€Å"rises†. Although she was being treated poorly, â€Å"you may trod me in the very dirt†, but her pride and resilience swallowed that unforgivingly thing to do to a human being and â€Å"still, like dust, I’ll rise†. We will write a custom essay sample on Still I Rise Maya Angelou or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The simile â€Å"like dust, I’ll rise† show the reader that she is strong and will-powered who â€Å"rise† seamlessly. This language feature helped me understand that you should not give up easily when downed, because you will only lose pride for yourself. Having pride for you means much, it can about help you do anything you want to accomplish and, for Angelou she hopes to have her freedom taken back to her. Secondly, metaphor was used by Angelou to describe her; she described herself as something that has liberty over herself. She looked at herself as something that’s free and pure despite her painful terrorizing past, â€Å"A black ocean, leaping and, wide†. This portrays that she is free who can do anything she wants. â€Å"I’m a black ocean leaping and, wide† this tells the reader that she has power over her life now, big and powerful who can’t be controlled or be abused by anyone. Thirdly, the poet used abundant of rhetorical questions that were really powerful to show us that even in difficult times you should have confidence in you. Angelou asks powerful questions every time, after she makes a point. â€Å"Does it come as a surprise that I dance like I’ve got diamonds at the meeting of my thighs? † This was asked after she made a point, and it made it come out more significant that made it convincing to the reader and the person she was referring to that she has power and that she is a one mighty person. This helped me understand that if you want something, freedom for that matter, you should fight for it, it can’t be given on to you on a clean plate and, by having genuine confidence it will take you there. In conclusion, the once helpless woman who was a victim of slavery is now free from all of it, the chains are finally broken, and it was portrayed potently by Maya Angelou. She crafted the poem bits by bits of language features that were really interesting that couldn’t be forgotten without a hitch. No matter how difficult life can be, there will always be hope that it can be amended, and if you see the opportunity you should take it.